How the Internet Became Commercial: Innovation, Privatization, and the Birth of a New Network (The Kauffman Foundation Series on Innovation and Entrepreneurship), by Shane Greenstein
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How the Internet Became Commercial: Innovation, Privatization, and the Birth of a New Network (The Kauffman Foundation Series on Innovation and Entrepreneurship), by Shane Greenstein
Read and Download How the Internet Became Commercial: Innovation, Privatization, and the Birth of a New Network (The Kauffman Foundation Series on Innovation and Entrepreneurship), by Shane Greenstein
In less than a decade, the Internet went from being a series of loosely connected networks used by universities and the military to the powerful commercial engine it is today. This book describes how many of the key innovations that made this possible came from entrepreneurs and iconoclasts who were outside the mainstream--and how the commercialization of the Internet was by no means a foregone conclusion at its outset.
Shane Greenstein traces the evolution of the Internet from government ownership to privatization to the commercial Internet we know today. This is a story of innovation from the edges. Greenstein shows how mainstream service providers that had traditionally been leaders in the old-market economy became threatened by innovations from industry outsiders who saw economic opportunities where others didn't--and how these mainstream firms had no choice but to innovate themselves. New models were tried: some succeeded, some failed. Commercial markets turned innovations into valuable products and services as the Internet evolved in those markets. New business processes had to be created from scratch as a network originally intended for research and military defense had to deal with network interconnectivity, the needs of commercial users, and a host of challenges with implementing innovative new services.
How the Internet Became Commercial demonstrates how, without any central authority, a unique and vibrant interplay between government and private industry transformed the Internet.
How the Internet Became Commercial: Innovation, Privatization, and the Birth of a New Network (The Kauffman Foundation Series on Innovation and Entrepreneurship), by Shane Greenstein- Amazon Sales Rank: #321606 in Books
- Published on: 2015-10-20
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.30" h x 1.50" w x 6.10" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 488 pages
Review "Essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the broader context in which the explosion of Internet-related innovation occurred."--Marc Levinson, The Wall Street Journal"A welcome, well-conceived contribution to the history of technology."--Kirkus"Exciting reading."--Borsen"Definitely recommended."--Tyler Cowen, Marginal Revolution"This is the best book yet about the rise of the Internet."--David Warsh, Economic Principals"[A] detailed history of the Internet."--Foreign Affairs"How the Internet Became Commercial is immensely informative."--Philadelphia Inquirer"Greenstein is not simply telling a colorful and important story. His analysis systematically explores why innovation and commercialization of the Internet emerged and evolved as it did and why innovation from the edges thrived and was so important."--Jonathan David Aronson, Journal of Communication
From the Back Cover
"In this important book, Greenstein draws on economics, business history, and the history of technology to tell a story of disruption on a grand scale. He shows how outsiders to the information and communications technology establishment brought the Internet from its techie origins to its current role as an economic growth engine."--Timothy Bresnahan, Stanford University
"With this engaging account of the Internet's origins and innovative explosion, Shane Greenstein cements his claim as the foremost economic historian of digital technology. An essential read for all who want to understand the miracle of our lifetime."--Joshua Gans, University of Toronto
"Greenstein offers a powerful and lucid account of the way the Internet's exceptional growth arose from unexceptional economic forces. How the Internet Became Commercial is a foundational read for anyone wanting to understand the origins and dynamics of the mainstream Internet."--Jonathan Zittrain, Harvard Law School
"The Internet and its applications are transforming business and commerce. There is no economist on the planet who has done more to document its economic origins, evolution, and implications than Shane Greenstein. This book should be required reading for any serious student of the topic."--Erik Brynjolfsson, director of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy and coauthor of The Second Machine Age
"The Internet has affected our lives profoundly over the past quarter-century. Yet far too often, its features are taken as given, without understanding the genesis of this critical innovation. Shane Greenstein's book lucidly illustrates the key decisions behind today's Internet, and offers lessons for innovation policy more generally."--Josh Lerner, Harvard Business School
"Greenstein has written one of the most important books available about how the Internet came into existence, commercialized, and became so important in American life. It will be the standard work on the subject for many years. It is also a great read."--James W. Cortada, author of The Essential Manager: How to Thrive in the Global Information Jungle
"This book starts at the moment when most histories of the Internet end, providing a comprehensive and engaging explanation of how an academically oriented research network transformed so quickly and completely into the commercial infrastructure of the early twenty-first century."--Nathan L. Ensmenger, author of The Computer Boys Take Over: Computers, Programmers, and the Politics of Technical Expertise
About the Author Shane Greenstein is the MBA Class of 1957 Professor of Business Administration and cochair of the Digital Initiative at Harvard Business School, and codirector of the program on the economics of digitization at the National Bureau of Economic Research. His books include Diamonds Are Forever, Computers Are Not and Standards and Public Policy.
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Most helpful customer reviews
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful. AN ASTONISHING AND AWAKENING INTERNET COMMERCIAL HANDBOOK!!!!!!! By COSMIC TRAVELER Are you a person that cannot imagine the world without the Internet? If you are, then this book is for you. Author Shane Greenstein, has written an outstanding book that argues that Internet exceptionalism is just plain wrong, that it can be replaced with a coherent and sound economic explanation; and, crucially, that this explanation must serve as the foundation for understanding the broader lessons about the Internet’s evolution, for explaining the innovation that took place, and for analyzing the causes behind creative destruction.The author begins by describing how the Internet should not be understood solely as a network technology. Next, he focuses on the privatization process itself and highlights several key policy decisions that shaped the evolution of the Internet. Then, the author considers how a number of policies shaped the transfer of the web’s technology out of universities and into commercial markets. Also, the author puts the spotlight on the eclectic and entrepreneurial communities outside of the government who would play a crucial role in building commercial Internet service providers, or ISPs. He then explains the relationships among privatization, the creation of the web, and the timing and bunching of investment at one time. Then, the author contrasts the commercial operations of the Internet with the commercial operation of the personal computer market. In addition, he explains economic growth affiliated with building the commercial Internet and web. Also, the author focuses on how Microsoft reacted to the new prevailing view about the prospects for the Internet. He then analyzes how the Internet exceptionalism ideology shaped the behavior of the many participants within the financial markets and distorted the growth of electronic commerce. Next, the author continues by describing one mechanism for the renewal of growth after the dot-com bust. Then, he examines the creation of the market for wireless Internet access, which added important functional capability to the Internet. Finally, the author provides a syntetic summary of the book’s story for how and why the commercial Internet grew and evolved.This excellent book also offers lessons for how society can try to rely on systematic policies (and more than mere luck) to produce similar results in the future. Among the many questions answered in this great book, is how and why did the Internet’s deployment lead many firms to reconsider their perceptions about how the Internet could contribute to the generation of market value, and how did changing perceptions shape outcomes.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. A really amazing story about how the commercial internet came to be By Amazon Customer A really amazing story about how the commercial internet came to be. So much went into its evolution and the cast of characters, organizations and motivating factors is extensive. Kudos to Shane Greenstein for compiling this story and doing the exhaustive research. Both a page turner and a high minded dissertation. A must read for a technophile.
1 of 2 people found the following review helpful. Five Stars By Jeffrey Hart This is a really good book. Shane Greenstein argues here that the commercialization of the Internet was a success because many factors combined to assure that there would be “innovation at the edges.”The first part of the book focuses on the transition from the Internet as primarily a tool for the Department of Defense and its contractors and for scientists and engineers in academia to a fully privatized cyberspace for everyone to use. He correctly observes that most histories of the Internet have focused primarily on the creation of the Internet and not on its commercialization. So the first task of the book is to describe in detail how the transition was made. The National Science Foundation (NSF) was in charge of setting the rules for privatization. Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Caillau at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) pioneered the World Wide Web by creating hypertext markup language (HTML). Two Internet-specific governance institutions were created to ensure that technical excellence would be the main criterion for improvements in the Internet and the Web: the Internet Engineering Task Force and the World Wide Web Consortium. The US government set up a system to ensure that domain names would be issued in a fair and rational manner (more or less).The rapid migration to the Internet by businesses was facilitated by a number of policy decisions, technological innovations, and a general mood of experimentation. Key policy decisions included the breaking up of the telephone monopoly of AT&T, the FCC’s Computer Decision II, and the federal antitrust actions against IBM (pre-Internet) and Microsoft (post-Internet). Key technological innovations included the creation of the TCP/IP protocols, HTML, LAN and WIFI technologies, and advanced search engines.Most of the important innovations occurred at small companies, some of which became large subsequently. Large corporations could have blocked some of the factors behind the Internet’s success but generally decided that doing so was against their interests. IBM developed “middle ware” to help their business clients migrate to the Internet. Microsoft developed a browser (Internet Explorer) and web-friendly interfaces and applications to defeat what Bill Gates considered to be the biggest threat to their core business – Netscape. Intel decided to integrate WiFi capability into their chipsets for laptop computers. Large corporations participated in forums to create standards without dominating them (with a few notable exceptions).Google took advantage of a superior search engine to become a leading Internet advertiser. Greenstein uses the example of Google to show how government policy (in this case, the funding by NSF of research at Stanford) played an important role in the commercialization of the Internet.There is an excellent chapter on the origins and consequences of the dot.com boom and bust. I was pleased to read a detailed description of the browser war between Microsoft and Netscape (building on the earlier work of David Yoffie and Michael Cusumano). Also, Greenstein includes a brief discussion of the importance of bulletin board services (BBS) companies in the privatization of the Internet. Although most of them did not survive, some became Internet service providers (ISPs).The book is notable for the absence of discussion about a number of topics. There is no mention of the dominance of cable and telecommunications firms in providing access to broadband networks. There is virtually nothing here about the recent controversies over net neutrality, pornography, malware, gambling, and taxation. Greenstein is intent on explaining the success of commercialization (a worthy enterprise), not on examining the consequences of that success. Luckily there are many works that tackle these important subjects, and in any case it was clearly not the author’s intention to cover everything.In conclusion, this is a fine book on an important set of issues that have been dealt with in only a spotty manner in earlier works. The scholarship is impeccable. The bibliography is suitably long and thorough. References to interviews and conversations with key players can be found in the footnotes. The book would be suitable for use in college courses for advanced undergraduates and graduate students together with books like Janet Abbate’s Inventing the Internet.
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