Racial Segregation and the Origins of Apartheid in South Africa, 1919-36 (St Antony's Series), by Saul Dubow
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Racial Segregation and the Origins of Apartheid in South Africa, 1919-36 (St Antony's Series), by Saul Dubow
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Based on extensive archival research in South Africa and drawing on the most recent scholarship, this book is an original and lucid exposition of the ideological, political and administrative origins of Apartheid. It will add substantially to the understanding of contemporary South Africa.
Racial Segregation and the Origins of Apartheid in South Africa, 1919-36 (St Antony's Series), by Saul Dubow- Published on: 2014-01-14
- Released on: 2014-01-14
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.50" h x .60" w x 5.51" l, .75 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 250 pages
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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful. Segregation in Theory and Practice By S. Smith Dubow's study of how the theory of segregation developed between 1919 and 1936, what he terms its mature period, consists of four sections (in effect four rather different essays) linked by an introduction and a conclusion. The first chapter deals with the origins of its ideology, which followed contemporary anthropologists in promoting cultural differences, rather than a pseudo-Darwinian view that superior cultures would prevail. The second is a critique of the “cheap-labour” theory for its origin, promoted by Harold Wolpe in the 1970s, where Dubow he argues it alone cannot explain segregation, as migrant labour is neither cheap nor efficient.In chapters 3 and 4 the changing organisation and ideology of the Native Affairs Department between the two wars, particularly when J B M Hertzog was Prime Minister, is analysed. This section is based on research by Dubow, describing a conflict between a humanitarian approach adopted by officials from the Cape and the more authoritarian one by those from the Northern provinces, eventually settle in favour of the latter. Chapters 5 and 6 give a full account of the parliamentary passage of Hertzog’s Native Bills. This goes into a great deal of detail on the frequently changing drafts of these laws, and also covers the lack of cohesion its opponents, black and white.The book argues segregation became important in the conditions created by the First World War because it seemed to offer a solution to a wide range of economic problems, political difficulties and social and cultural fears fanned by an upsurge in black political radicalism. Other historians see either the early years of the 20th century or the Botha-Smuts governments up to 1924 as when segrationalist thinking developed and much segrationalist legislation was enacted. It is arguable there was a continuous process from 1905 rather than any innovation by Hertzog, who (the book’s fourth section suggests) did not have a clear policy on racial segregation when he took office in 1924.By the second half of the nineteenth century, there were three approaches to the relationship between colonised peoples and their colonisers, none exclusive to South Africa. These were domination (baasskap in Afrikaans), where the colonised had few rights; assimilation, involving the colonised adopting the colonisers ‘culture and taking an inferior place in their society and finally, segregation. This last could be rationalised as wishing to preserve the culture of the colonised or the privileges of the colonisers. As practiced in its mature period, segregation in South Africa was more about baasskap and protecting white privilege than preserving any economically viable African culture.The book also claims that segregation developed some characteristics in this period that later formed part of the doctrines of apartheid, so it should be regarded as apartheid’s precursor. This theme is not discussed in a full treatment of the relationship between segregation and apartheid. Dubow himself notes that many liberals, who previously accepted segregation in a paternalistic way as preserving African societies and their culture, became disenchanted with the direction it was taking in the 1930s. But for the 1948 election victory of the Nationalists, there was no certainty that full-blown apartheid would have been imposed; their opponents may well have opted for some form of limited assimilation.Dubow’s style is clear and concise and he is able to summarise the historical background well. He is strongly influenced by the radical, Neo-Marxist perspective that continuing white domination in South Africa must be seen in relation to industrialisation. This is now the predominant school of South African historiography, and it strongly condemns both the inconsistency and confusion of liberal politicians in the 1930s and the liberal school of historians, who emphasised the Afrikaner role in introducing segregation and apartheid (although most of the legislation on both was enacted by Afrikaner dominated governments). Subject to any distortions related to that ideology, this is an interesting book that is well worth reading.
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